• Cecair
• Pepejal
• Gris
• Gas

Pelarut cecair

Pelincir cecair boleh dibahagikan kepada beberapa bahagian. Biasanya, pelincir berasaskan minyak digunakan. Ini merupakan jenis-jenis yang biasa digunakan.

• Lanolin (wool grease, natural water repellant)
• Air
• Minyak galian
• Minyak sayuran
• Minyak sintetik
• Lain-lain

Note: although generally lubricants are based on one type of base oil or another, it is quite possible to use mixtures of the base oils to meet performance requirements.

Lanolin

A natural water repellent, lanolin is derived from sheep wool grease, and is an alternative to the more common petro-chemical based lubricants. This lubricants are also corrosion inhibitors, protecting against rust, salt and acids.

Air

Water can be used on its own, or as a major component in combination with one of the other base oils. Commonly used in engineering processes, such as milling and lathe turning.

Minyak galian

This term is used to encompass lubricating base oil derived from crude oil. The American Petroleum Institute (API) designates several types of lubricant base oil identified as:

• Group I - Saturates <90% and/or sulphur >0.03%, and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) viscosity index (VI) = >80 to <120

- Manufactured by solvent extraction, solvent or catalytic dewaxing, and hydro-finishing processes. Common Group I base oil are 150SN (solvent neutral), 500SN, and 150BS (brightstok)

• Group II – Saturates >90% and sulfur <0.03%, and SAE viscosity index >80 to <120

- Manufactured by hydrocracking and solvent or catalytic dewaxing processes. Group II base oil has superior anti-oxidation properties since virtually all hydrocarbon molecules are saturated. It has water-white color.

• Group III – Saturates > 90%, sulfur <0.03%, and SAE viscosity index >120

- Manufactured by special processes such as isohydromerization. Can be manufactured from base oil or slax wax from dewaxing process.

• Group IV – Polyalphaolefins (PAO)
• Group V – All others not included above

Such as naphthenics, PAG, esters, and etc.

The lubricant industry commonly extends this group terminology to include:

• Group I+ with a Viscosity Index of 103 - 108
• Group II+ with a Viscosity Index of 113 - 119
• Group III+ with a Viscosity Index of >= 140

Can also be classified into three categories depending on the prevailing compositions:- Paraffinic- Naphthenic- Aromatic

Minyak sayuran (asli)

These are primarily triglyceride esters derived from plants and animals. For lubricant base oil use the vegetable derived materials are preferred. Common ones include high oleic canola oil, castor oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil and rapeseed oil from vegetable, and Tall oil from animal sources. Many vegetable oils are often hydrolyzed to yield the acids which are subsequently combined selectively to form specialist synthetic esters.

Minyak sintetik

• Polyalpha-olefin (PAO)
• Synthetic esters
• Polyalkylene glycols (PAG)
• Phosphate esters
• Alkylated naphthalenes (AN)
• Silicate esters
• Ionic fluids